基于風險評估和成本分析的變壓器維修策略研究
周博
(國網(wǎng)湖北省電力有限公司隨州供電公司,湖北 隨州 441300)
摘 要:針對電力變壓器檢修管理中,單一的風險模型和成本模型不能同時考慮到安全性與經(jīng)濟性要求,提出一種基于風險評估和成本分析的維修策略。以風險理論為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合設(shè)備故障概率和故障可能導致的資產(chǎn)及系統(tǒng)損失,評估變壓器運行風險值;針對風險評估結(jié)果,通過引入ALARP 準則劃分風險可接受等級,判斷是否需要檢修工作。對于經(jīng)濟性指標,利用全壽命成本理論對變壓器壽命周期內(nèi)各成本要素進行劃分、量化計算,再以最小年金成本為判據(jù)確定設(shè)備現(xiàn)齡是否在其最佳壽命周期內(nèi),并在綜合考慮電力變壓器的運行風險與當前役齡的基礎(chǔ)上,制定出兼具安全性與經(jīng)濟性的維修策略。實際案例表明,此維修策略可行。
關(guān)鍵詞:變壓器;維修策略;風險評估;全壽命周期成本;ALARP 準則
中圖分類號:TM407 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1007-3175(2019)05-0012-05
Research on Transformer Maintenance Strategy Based on Risk Assessment and Cost Analysis
ZHOU Bo
(Suizhou Electric Company of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd, Suizhou 441300, China)
Abstract: In the maintenance management of power transformers, considering that a single risk or cost model can’t take into account the safety and economic requirements, this paper proposed a maintenance strategy based on risk assessment and cost analysis. Based on the risk theory, the operational risk value of transformer was evaluated according to the equipment failure probability and the possible loss of assets and system. In allusion to the results of risk assessment, the ALARP criterion was adopted to classify the acceptable level of risk to determine whether the maintenance work was needed. For economic indicators, this paper divided and quantified those cost elements in the life cycle of transformer through life cycle cost theory, and the minimum cost was used as the criterion to judge whether the current service age of transformer was at its best in the life cycle. On the basis of comprehensively considering the operation risk of power transformer and its current service age, this paper worked out the maintenance strategy with both security and economy. The actual case shows the feasible of this maintenance strategy.
Key words: transformer; maintenance strategy; risk assessment; life cycle cost; ALARP criterion
參考文獻
[1] 王建,朱文兵,辜超,等. 基于健康指數(shù)的電力變壓器狀態(tài)評估[J]. 高壓電器,2018,54(5):248-253.
[2] 田雨,張晗. 基于故障特征隸屬函數(shù)的電網(wǎng)主設(shè)備風險評估方案研究與應用[J]. 高壓電器,2017,53(5):146-153.
[3] 張鐿議,廖瑞金,楊麗君,等. 綜合考慮可靠性與經(jīng)濟性的電力變壓器檢修方案優(yōu)選[J]. 電工技術(shù)學報,2014,29(11):191-195.
[4] 王茜. 基于輸變電設(shè)備風險評估的維修決策[J].計算機與數(shù)字工程,2014,42(11):2099-2101.
[5] 何樂彰,張忠會,姚峰. 基于設(shè)備運行風險等級的檢修策略研究[J]. 水電能源科學,2014,32(4):206-207.
[6] 潘樂真,張焰,俞國勤,等. 狀態(tài)檢修決策中的電氣設(shè)備故障率推算[J]. 電力自動化設(shè)備,2010,30(2):91-94.
[7] 國家電網(wǎng)公司. 輸變電設(shè)備風險評估導則:Q/GDW 1903—2013[S]. 北京:中國電力出版社,2013:3-8.
[8] 丁厚成,萬成略. 風險評價標準值初探[J]. 工業(yè)安全與環(huán)保,2004,30(10):45-47.
[9] 羅云. 風險分析與安全評價[M].2 版. 北京:化學工業(yè)出版社,2010.
[10] 柳璐,王和杰,程浩忠,等. 基于全壽命周期成本的電力系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟性評估方法[J]. 電力系統(tǒng)自動化,2012,36(15):46-47.
[11] 崔新奇,尹來賓,范春菊,等. 變電站改造中變壓器全生命周期費用LCC模型的研究[J]. 電力系統(tǒng)保護與控制,2010,38(7):70-72.
[12] 徐玉琴,任正,詹翔靈,等. 電力變壓器全壽命周期成本建模及其綜合敏感性分析[J]. 華北電力大學學報,2014,41(6):81-85.
[13] 吳國威,周輝,潘巍巍,等. 基于全壽命周期的變壓器成本風險評估[J]. 華東電力,2013,41(3):532-534.
[14] 孫鵬,陳紹輝,張彩慶. 基于全壽命周期成本模型的變電站設(shè)備最佳壽命周期評估[J]. 南方電網(wǎng)技術(shù),2011,5(6):96-100.
[15] 張鐿議. 基于運行狀態(tài)和壽命評估的電力變壓器全壽命周期檢修決策研究[D]. 重慶:重慶大學,2014:89-93.